Spacecraft and Rovers

52 reports
Spacecraft and Rovers is examined through mission goals, hardware, operations, engineering constraints, and the data returned beyond Earth. Technical records and released data are judged through surface operations, spacecraft bus, and power system, including failures, uncertainty, and operating constraints.

Interpretation of spacecraft bus is tested with power system and thermal control. The discussion therefore addresses which instruments collect data and how commands reach spacecraft, separating design goals from performance demonstrated in operation.

SpaceX to Retire Falcon 9 as Starship Nears Operational Status

SpaceX has announced plans to phase out its Falcon 9 rocket once the Starship launch system achieves reliable, frequent operations. The transition could reshape commercial launch access and mission planning for years ahead

Read the analysis

X-15 Rocket Plane Sets 1963 Altitude Record Above Kármán Line

On August 22, 1963, the X-15 rocket plane piloted by Joe Walker reached an altitude exceeding 108 kilometers, providing rare data on hypersonic flight and spacecraft reusability during a pivotal era for space research

Read the analysis

Japan Prepares MMX Spacecraft for Mars Moon Sample Return Launch

Japan has revealed its MMX spacecraft, scheduled to launch on October 19, aiming to collect and return samples from Mars' moon Phobos. The mission will test new sample-return technology and address key questions about the origins of Mars' moons.

Read the analysis

China Prepares Chang'e 7 for Complex Lunar South Pole Mission

China's Chang'e 7 spacecraft, launching in August 2026, will deploy an orbiter, lander, rover, and hopper to investigate the Moon's south pole, targeting water ice and testing new navigation and international science payloads

Read the analysis

Voyager 2's Launch Opened the Outer Solar System to Exploration

NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft began its journey to the outer planets on August 20, 1977, using a rare planetary alignment to visit Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune and extend humanity's reach into interstellar space

Read the analysis

SpaceX Starship Upper Stage Recovered Intact After Indian Ocean Splashdown

SpaceX's Starship Ship 40, which completed a controlled splashdown in the Indian Ocean after its July test flight, has been successfully towed to calmer waters near Christmas Island for engineering analysis

Read the analysis

ISS Spacewalk Removes Failed Antenna but Replacement Delayed

NASA astronaut Anil Menon and ESA's Sophie Adenot removed a nonfunctional antenna from the International Space Station during a six-hour spacewalk, but time constraints postponed installation of the replacement hardware

Read the analysis

Curiosity Marks 14 Years on Mars with New Rock Layer Analysis

NASA's Curiosity rover has reached its 14th anniversary on Mars, continuing its ascent of Mount Sharp with detailed rock and environmental measurements using its suite of scientific instruments

Read the analysis

Artemis II Astronauts Reflect on Orion's Moon Mission and Next Steps

NASA's Artemis II crew discussed their 10-day lunar flyby, Orion spacecraft performance, and upcoming mission challenges at a public event in Colorado, highlighting both technical lessons and international collaboration

Read the analysis

NASA's M2-F1 Lifting Body Demonstrates Controlled Glide Landing in 1963

NASA's M2-F1 prototype, a wingless lifting body aircraft, completed its first unpowered glide flight on August 16, 1963, providing early evidence that spacecraft could return to Earth with controlled landings rather than ballistic descent

Read the analysis

Astranis Unveils Perceptor Satellites to Track Activity in Geostationary Orbit

Astranis has announced the development of Perceptor satellites designed to monitor and analyze spacecraft movements in geostationary orbit, a region increasingly important for communications and national security

Read the analysis

Space Station Research Advances Artemis Moon and Mars Missions

NASA's International Space Station experiments in 2026 are testing technologies and studying astronaut health to support future Artemis missions to the Moon and Mars, with new results informing spacecraft design and deep space exploration

Read the analysis

NASA Expands Student Access to Space Missions and STEM Careers

NASA is opening new opportunities for students to participate in authentic mission experiences, technical career exploration, and citizen science, as the agency prepares for major launches and ongoing lunar and space station operations

Read the analysis

NASA's SkyFall Mars Helicopters to Map Subsurface Ice with Flexible Radar

NASA's upcoming SkyFall mission will deploy three mini helicopters to Mars, each equipped with lightweight, flexible radar antennas designed to detect shallow subsurface ice deposits inaccessible to orbiting spacecraft

Read the analysis

NASA Extends Voyager 2 Science With Power-Saving Maneuver

NASA engineers have implemented a new power management strategy on Voyager 2, allowing the spacecraft to continue collecting scientific data for at least another year as its nuclear power source declines

Read the analysis

NASA Astronauts Complete Spacewalk to Prepare ISS for Solar Array Upgrade

NASA astronauts Jessica Meir and Anil Menon spent 6.5 hours outside the International Space Station installing the final mounting hardware for new roll-out solar arrays, a step toward boosting the station's power supply later this year

Read the analysis

Perseverance Rover Captures Earth Passing Behind Mars' Moon Phobos

NASA's Perseverance rover has recorded a rare occultation event, imaging Earth as it briefly disappeared behind Mars' innermost moon Phobos using its Mastcam-Z camera system

Read the analysis

NASA Joins Artemis III Orion Crew and Service Modules for Lunar Mission

Technicians at Kennedy Space Center have integrated the Orion crew and service modules for Artemis III, a key milestone ahead of the mission to test lunar landing system rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit

Read the analysis

NASA's Juno Mission Transformed Jupiter Science After 2011 Launch

NASA's Juno spacecraft, launched in 2011 on an Atlas V rocket, reached Jupiter in 2016 and has since delivered unprecedented data and images, reshaping our understanding of the giant planet's atmosphere, magnetic field, and moons

Read the analysis

Curiosity Rover Detects Extensive Polygon Patterns in Martian Valley

NASA's Curiosity rover has imaged a vast field of honeycomb-like polygonal fractures in Mars' Valle Grande, raising new questions about the planet's surface processes and past water activity

Read the analysis

SpaceX Launches Three BlueBird Satellites for Direct-to-Cell Network

A Falcon 9 rocket is set to deploy three AST SpaceMobile BlueBird satellites from Cape Canaveral, expanding a low Earth orbit constellation designed to deliver broadband directly to standard smartphones.

Read the analysis

Spirit Rover Data Reveals Widespread Ancient Water Activity on Mars

A new analysis of NASA's Spirit rover data has identified crystalline hematite and altered magnetite in Martian soil, supporting the view that liquid water once shaped large regions of Mars

Read the analysis

Why Real Space Salvage Cannot Work Like Hardspace: Shipbreaker

Hardspace: Shipbreaker turns derelict spacecraft into profitable scrap, but ESA's ClearSpace-1 shows why real debris removal must avoid fragmentation, stabilize tumbling targets, and control reentry

Read the analysis

Apollo 15's Moon Liftoff Became Television's First From Another World

On Aug. 2, 1971, Apollo 15 transmitted the first live television view of a spacecraft leaving the moon, using a rover-mounted camera that revealed both the mission's ingenuity and its limits

Read the analysis

Starship Captured on Video by a Starlink V3 Satellite

A camera-equipped Starlink V3 satellite recorded SpaceX's Starship upper stage after Flight 13, offering an unusual view of the vehicle's engines, thrusters and separation in space

Read the analysis

Apollo 15's Lunar Rover Turned Moonwalking Into Exploration

Apollo 15's Lunar Roving Vehicle gave astronauts their first way to travel extensively across the moon's surface, extending scientific exploration beyond the immediate landing site in July 1971

Read the analysis

SpaceX Rocket Stage to Impact Moon, Raising New Scientific Questions

A spent SpaceX Falcon 9 upper stage is set to collide with the lunar surface on August 5, offering researchers a rare opportunity to observe the effects of artificial impacts on the Moon using telescopes and orbital instruments

Read the analysis

Salyut 6 Space Station Deorbited After Five Years in Orbit

The Soviet Salyut 6 space station, operational since 1977, was deliberately deorbited on July 29, 1982, after supporting multiple long-duration missions and pioneering new space station technologies

Read the analysis

SpaceX Starship Remains Afloat in Indian Ocean After Test Splashdown

SpaceX's Starship Version 3 upper stage was photographed floating intact in the Indian Ocean five days after its July 24 flight test, offering a rare look at the vehicle's post-splashdown condition and raising questions about rapid reusability

Read the analysis

NASA's Swift Boost Mission Faces Setback After Spacecraft Malfunction

NASA's Swift Boost mission, launched to extend the life of the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, has encountered a critical control issue with its LINK spacecraft, raising uncertainty about the planned orbital rescue operation

Read the analysis

Part 1 of 2