Planetary Geology
37 reportsTectonic features and planetary volcanism form a case with different strengths and limits. Reports examine how planetary surfaces are dated and which minerals are detected remotely, showing how sparse measurements or incomplete records limit certainty.
NASA Invites Public to Identify August 2026 Satellite Image
NASA Earth Observatory has released a new satellite image challenge for August 2026, inviting the public to analyze a puzzling landform and submit their interpretations based on visible clues and scientific reasoning
NASA Tracks Falcon 9 Rocket Stage Ahead of Planned Lunar Impact
NASA and SpaceX are monitoring a spent Falcon 9 upper stage expected to strike the Moon near Einstein and Bell craters, using ground and space-based telescopes to gather data and refine tracking methods
Spirit Rover Data Reveals Widespread Ancient Water Activity on Mars
A new analysis of NASA's Spirit rover data has identified crystalline hematite and altered magnetite in Martian soil, supporting the view that liquid water once shaped large regions of Mars
Neptune's Inner Moons May Preserve Debris From Ancient Ice Worlds
Infrared observations from the James Webb Space Telescope reveal unexpected clay minerals on two small Neptunian moons, supporting a debris-origin scenario while leaving the fate of their original ice unresolved
Europa Clipper May Miss Ocean Water Rising Through Europa's Ice
Computer simulations suggest turbulent water rising through Europa's ice would freeze its pathways shut, making shallow surface pools poor indicators of the moon's buried ocean
How a Falcon 9 Upper Stage Ended Up Bound for the Moon
A Falcon 9 upper stage abandoned in a high Earth orbit is expected to hit the Moon on August 5, 2026, after gravity and solar activity gradually altered its trajectory
Chicxulub Dust May Have Fueled Lethal Firestorms
A new model of the Chicxulub impact includes ultrafine silicate dust found at fossil sites, suggesting surface temperatures may have become lethal within hours before a prolonged impact winter began
Triple-Lobed Asteroid 44 Nysa Imaged With Orbiting Moon in Asteroid Belt
Astronomers have resolved asteroid 44 Nysa as the first known triple-lobed body in the main belt, using adaptive optics on major ground-based telescopes. The object also hosts a small moon, raising new questions about asteroid formation and evolution.
Galileo's 1610 Observation of Saturn's Rings Changed Planetary Science
In July 1610, Galileo Galilei used a newly invented telescope to observe Saturn, recording features that would later be identified as the planet's rings-a finding that reshaped our understanding of planetary systems
Satellite Images Reveal Penguin Diet Shifts on Antarctica's Danger Islands
NASA's Landsat 8 satellite and drone surveys have enabled researchers to monitor Adélie penguin colonies on the Danger Islands by analyzing the color of their guano, offering new insight into how changing sea ice may affect Antarctic food webs
SpaceX Rocket Stage to Impact Moon, Raising New Scientific Questions
A spent SpaceX Falcon 9 upper stage is set to collide with the lunar surface on August 5, offering researchers a rare opportunity to observe the effects of artificial impacts on the Moon using telescopes and orbital instruments
July's Buck Moon Aligns with Venus, Saturn, Mars, and Mercury
The full Buck Moon rises on July 29, accompanied by a rare alignment of Venus, Saturn, Mars, and Mercury. Observers can witness this planetary parade with the naked eye or optical instruments as twilight fades
Deep Partial Lunar Eclipse to Create 'Almost Blood Moon' in August 2026
A rare deep partial lunar eclipse will occur on August 28, 2026, with up to 96% of the Moon passing through Earth's umbra. The event will be visible across the Americas, Europe, and Africa, offering a striking copper-red lunar display.
Viking 1's First Mars Surface Image Revisited on 50th Anniversary
NASA has released the original images captured by Viking 1 after its 1976 Mars landing, offering a detailed look at the Red Planet's surface and the mission's scientific legacy
Bright Moonlight Limits Meteor Shower Viewing as Delta Aquariids Peak
The Southern Delta Aquariids and Alpha Capricornids meteor showers reach their peak on July 30-31, but a nearly full moon will significantly reduce visibility of fainter meteors for observers across North America
NASA's ESCAPADE Spacecraft Captures Earth and Moon in Dual Light
NASA's ESCAPADE mission has imaged Earth and the Moon in both visible and thermal infrared light, providing a rare calibration opportunity for its cameras as the spacecraft prepares for its journey to Mars
MAVEN Data Reveals Earth-Like Aurora Mechanism on Mars
NASA's MAVEN orbiter has provided evidence that localized auroras on Mars are powered by a process similar to Earth's Dungey cycle, offering new insight into Martian atmospheric loss and magnetic field interactions
New Horizons Resumes Science at Solar System's Edge After Hibernation
NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has exited a 321-day hibernation and is now transmitting data from the outer solar system, preparing to study the boundary between the Sun's influence and interstellar space with advanced instruments
Juno Mission Probes Subsurface Heat on Jupiter's Volcanic Moon Io
NASA's Juno spacecraft has measured temperatures beneath Io's surface, revealing intense internal heating and unexpectedly smooth, low-density terrain. The findings, published in a peer-reviewed journal, offer new insight into tidal heating on active moons
Metal Spheres on Australian Beach Highlight Space Debris Uncertainty
Six metallic spheres found on an Australian shoreline are believed to be remnants of a space launch vehicle, raising new questions about how space debris survives reentry and where it ultimately lands
NASA's Psyche Spacecraft Uses Mars Flyby to Refine Asteroid Trajectory
NASA's Psyche probe has completed a close flyby of Mars, capturing a time-lapse sequence and using the planet's gravity to adjust its course toward the metal-rich asteroid Psyche, its target for arrival in 2029
Exoplanets Smaller Than Mars May Lose Atmospheres Too Quickly for Life
A new planetary modeling study suggests rocky exoplanets must be at least 80% the width of Earth to retain atmospheres for billions of years, narrowing the search for potentially habitable worlds around sun-like stars
NISAR Satellite Data Reveals Antarctic Ice Fractures in Unprecedented Detail
NASA and ISRO have begun releasing data from the NISAR satellite's dual radar systems, offering researchers new insights into the movement and structure of Antarctic ice and other dynamic Earth surfaces
Possible Ancient Impact Crater Identified in Northern Quebec
A large circular structure in Quebec's Côte-Nord region, first noticed on Google Maps, may be a 390-million-year-old impact crater. Fieldwork and rock analysis are underway to confirm its extraterrestrial origin
NASA Eyes Mars Skies 50 Years After Viking 1's Landmark Landing
NASA's Viking 1 lander touched down on Mars in 1976, launching a new era of planetary exploration. Now, five decades later, the agency is preparing to extend its reach above the Martian surface with aerial missions.
James Webb Telescope Detects Unidentified Infrared Signal on Titan and Pluto
The James Webb Space Telescope has recorded a mysterious infrared absorption feature on both Saturn's moon Titan and the dwarf planet Pluto, hinting at shared surface chemistry despite their contrasting environments
Viking 1's First Mars Surface Image Changed Planetary Exploration
NASA's Viking 1 lander transmitted the first direct image from the Martian surface in July 1976, revealing the planet's rocky terrain and marking a milestone in robotic planetary science
How NASA Langley Engineered the First Mars Landings
Fifty years after Viking 1 and 2 touched down on Mars, the engineering and mission design led by NASA's Langley Research Center remain central to how planetary landings are planned and executed across the solar system
Curiosity Rover Reveals Ancient Sandstorm Evidence on Mars
NASA's Curiosity rover has imaged Martian rocks shaped by a powerful ancient sandstorm, offering new insight into the Red Planet's dynamic past and the processes that once shaped its surface
Viking 1's Mars Life Experiments: What the Evidence Still Can't Prove
Fifty years after NASA's Viking 1 lander touched down on Mars, scientists remain divided over whether its life-detection experiments found evidence of Martian biology or were confounded by non-biological chemistry and instrument limitations
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