Laser

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A laser ih optical amplification based on stimulated emission. Depending on its gain medium and resonator design, a laser can generate continuous or pulsed radiation with controlled wavelength, coherence, direction, and intensity.

For laser research, the central questions concern how optical gain is generated, how light is confined within a resonator, and how emission changes with pump power, material properties, noise, and nonlinear interactions. Experimental evidence commonly comes from measurements of wavelength, output power, phase coherence, beam structure, lasing threshold, and stability under different operating conditions.