Ecosystem

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Ecosystem is a biological concept used to explain organization, inheritance, regulation, development, adaptation, or interaction. Its scientific meaning is clarified through gene regulation, experimental assay, and molecular mechanism, with attention to testable predictions and limiting cases.

A source-based view of Ecosystem considers cellular or organismal context, experimental perturbation, and evolutionary variation. The account treats controlled experiments as evidence for experimental perturbation and comparative studies as a check on competing explanations; the evidence is read with the caveat that effects can depend strongly on species, tissue, environment, and developmental stage.